Research
Publications
Sneed, Rodlescia, Alexander Stubblefield, Graham Gardner, Tamara Jordan, and Briana Mazuk. "Chronic Disease and Workforce Participation Among Medicaid Enrollees Over 50: The Potential Impact of Medicaid Work Requirements Post-COVID-19" The Journal of Aging and Social Policy, preprint here
"As the COVID-19 pandemic wanes, states may reintroduce Medicaid work requirements to reduce enrollment. Using the Health and Retirement Study, we evaluate chronic disease burden among beneficiaries aged >50 (n=1460) who might be impacted by work requirements (i.e. working <20 hours per week). Seven of eight chronic disease conditions evaluated were associated with reduced workforce participation, including history of stroke (OR: 7.35; 95% CI: 2.98-18.14) and lung disease (OR: 4.39; 95% CI: 2.97-7.47). Those with more severe disease were also more likely to work fewer hours. Medicaid work requirements would likely have great impact on older beneficiaries with significant disease burden"
Working Papers
Gardner, Graham. "The Maternal and Infant Health Consequences of Restricted Access to Abortion in the US" [Job Market Paper]
"Since the recent US Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, people across the country have experienced large sudden changes in their access to abortion care. In this paper, I look to the history of abortion access in the United States to inform predictions for this new future. I study the effects of targeted regulations on abortion providers (TRAP laws) on a variety of maternal and infant health outcomes, using variation in the timing of policy adoption across states and a direct measure of the distance to an abortion provider. I implement difference-in-differences techniques across outcomes from restricted-use microdata on the universe of US births and national survey data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. I find that TRAP laws lead to increased rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy by 8-15% and provide suggestive evidence that these health effects may not be isolated to the period surrounding pregnancy and childbirth. Additionally, I find evidence that TRAP laws widen existing disparities in adverse infant health outcomes across parental race and education. These results demonstrate the potentially wide-ranging health effects of restricting access to abortion."
Gardner, Graham. "Notification vs Consent: The Differential Effects of Parental Involvement Laws on Teen Abortion" [working paper here ]
"US state legislation requiring parental involvement in the abortion decision of a minor has grown in prevalence since its origin in the 1970s. Today, 37 states impose a parental involvement requirement on their residents below the age of 18. These laws come in two primary categories: parental notification and parental consent. Though much research estimates the effects of these policies, little is known about any differential impact between parental notification and parental consent. This paper uses the synthetic control method to determine if the increased marginal cost of an abortion imposed by a parental consent statute reduces the abortion rate for minors relative to parental notification. Additionally, this paper is the first to consider the potential for spill-over effects of this policy change on older teens (18-19). Results indicate no evidence of a marginal effect of parental consent laws on the abortion rate of minors. For older teens, however, results suggest that the policy change increases the abortion rate by about 12%."
Works In Progress
Gardner, Graham. "The Spillover Effects of Parental Involvement Laws on Older Teens"
Gardner, Graham, Cara Haughey, and Brad Crowe. "The Effect of Abortion Access on the Timing and Utilization of Vasectomies, IUDs, and Contraceptive Implants: Evidence from Texas"